HTML-Formular:

<form method="post">
	<div class="adressen">
		<div class="delete" title="löschen" data-id="1">delete</div>
	</div>
</form>

jQuery:

    $( '.adressen' ).on( 'click', '.delete', function() {
        var id = $( this ).data( 'id' );
        var form = $(this).closest("form");
        $('<input>').attr({ type: 'hidden', name: 'delete', value: id }).appendTo( form );
        form.submit();
    });